At the end of the civil war there was a critical shortage of the new Nigerian currency, which retarded efforts to replace the currency in circulation in the east. Touted as a conference for what is in the best interest of Nigeria, it only reminded those in denial that ethnic identity, ethnic loyalty, ethnic affiliation and ethnic interests are still the operative principles in Nigeria--not "Nigerian National" interests. Unissued copies of ten year bonds for the value of one thousand pounds, dated 15 June 1969 and offered through the London agents of the Republic of Biafra, are extant and show that this method of financing was attempted although it is not known how many bonds were actually issued. PEACE - UNITY - FREEDOM End of February Sale Get 15% Off with Promo Code: FEB15. Back. ), It is interesting that such an attempt has been made to produce this quasi-security device, as another very simple security device is absent that of non-fluorescing paper. Following the end of the war, federal sources claimed that they had found evidence of the Biafrans asking the relief agencies to pay landing fees (in foreign exchange), for the use of their air-strips. The currency spent in the Republic of Biafra 1967 and 1970 has probably entered into the currency market, serving as the legal tender in the market till date. her currency by more than 80 per cent. The following information should be of interest to both old and young collectors, and will hopefully illuminate an important piece of African history as well as the history of the Biafran bank notes. Security printers usually use paper, particularly paper with high linen and cotton content, which is not treated in such a manner.). The small print appears as continuous lines, however the print is made less easy to detect by being overlaid with a pattern of lines the pattern being different on each denomination. Several years later, in 1963, Nigeria became a republic, but it was being plagued by power struggles; and, like so many modern African nations, these power struggles centred around ethnic groups. Opera News does not consent to nor does it condone the posting of any content that violates the rights (including the copyrights) of any third party, nor content that may malign, inter alia, any religion, ethnic group, organization, gender, company, or individual. Yes my grand parents and my Ikwuano people called it Ojomma and not Ejemma. While peace and order were steadily re-established by the Military Government, the stability was being undermined by the desire of the Northern Region to secede from the Federation. The 5 shillings depicts four Biafran girls while the 1 pound shows the coat of arms. Such a unilateral inflationary decision could damage the economy of the component parts. If this is intended to imitate a Morse code thread, then one can only wonder what the Morse characters are meant to spell. Many of these notes were not delivered to Biafra, but it is not known how many were successfully conveyed to their destination and how many remained in storage at their point of production. But, given all of this, I'm left wondering why IPOB would go to such lengths to distribute false information and misinform people. Millions of Biafrans remained homeless, unemployed and bankrupt. It's just ridiculous. Biafra. Furthermore, no country in the world accepts the Biafran Pound as a currency because it is not one of the180 currenciesrecognized as legal tender by the United Nations. Because 13 tons of the notes arrived in an aircraft registered in Rhodesia, a country with which Switzerland had no diplomatic relations, the Swiss authorities refused to let the cargo be unloaded and the aircraft was forced to continue to Lisbon. No member from this site currently wants to exchange it. The banknotes have various back designs. Whatev! The second coup was successful, and resulted in northern officers taking control of the country and forming a new government led by General Gowon. Although Biafra had made a concerted effort to produce the second series of higher quality bank notes, it would appear that their circulation was limited. While the Biafrans seem to have rejected this offer, it is likely that some conversion did take place (though not necessarily through Rothschild) as Gen. Ojukwu stated in February 1969: We have been fighting the war with Nigerian foreign exchange, plus of course, what we converted or what we acquired earlier on. (Ojukwu, 1969), The reference to what we acquired earlier on, possibly refers to a windfall to the Biafrans in 1967. Nearly all bank notes are printed on paper which does not fluoresce under ultra-violet light, and the use of fluorescing paper for these notes points very much to it being an emergency issue. 5 shillings . However they are an intriguing set of notes and will provide a collector with a complete set of a country for an affordable price. It is not known exactly when these notes were introduced, but it was probably around February 1969, as Gen. Ojukwu announced the following in a speech to the Consultative Assembly and Council of Chiefs and Elders on 10 February: I am happy to announce to you that we have now been able to produce real Biafran currency of the highest quality. The known prefixes and the number of notes issued is summarized as follows: 5s. Unfortunately he was later to suffer a problem far removed from the over-issue he suspected Nigeria of planning he was to face empty bank vaults and the lack of a circulating medium. Because the notes are very common there is a tendency amongst collectors to ignore them. To all Nigerians, Please ignore the news that the Biafran Pound has been approved in Italy. It . Easterners holding Biafran Pounds, the currency adopted by the region when it declared . Records of the introduction of Biafran currency, which might confirm the dates in question, are few and far between. Tons of new Biafran currency are dumped into the sea, to create artificial scarcity in the Republic. (Ojukwu, 1969). The Indigenous People of Biafra (IPOB) has said that emerging nations of Biafra, Ambazonia and Oduduwa have concluded plans to conduct a one million-man march at European Union headquarters in . One of the barriers to this loose association would have been the different currencies, but Ojukwu did not see this as an insurmountable problem, and his subsequent desire to retain the Nigerian currency for Biafra may be ascribed to his desire to retain a single unit of currency in a confederation of states (which is what he hoped his secession would bring). 3 of 1967 (also known as the Bank of Biafra Decree, 1967). The machinations of the various political elements caused Nigeria to lurch from one political crisis to another in the early years of nationhood. TT PK 6b 1968-69 BIAFRA 5 POUNDS PCGS 66 PPQ TOP POP WITHOUT SERIAL NUMBERS! ces had taken with them some two million pounds in Nigerian currency, taken from bank vaults in Benin. Because many of the officers involved in the coup were Ibos, and because the Premiers of the Eastern and Mid-West Region (who were both Ibos) remained unharmed in the coup, it led many to believe that the coup was promoted by the Ibos. Like any new nation, Biafra was keen to be identified with its own national symbols, and for this new republic these were primarily their coat of arms, the rising sun, and the palm tree all being used extensively on Biafran national instruments. After the declaration of independence, one of the new Republics first concerns was to establish the infrastructure of the new state. The Central Bank began recalling the Biafran currency and the old Nigerian currency in the war-torn region but, because of the shortage of new Nigerian notes, only receipts were issued to those who surrendered the notes; although during this period of recall it was unclear what rate of exchange would be made for the Biafran notes. In 2019, it was claimed that the World Bank invited Nnamdi Kanu, the leader of the Indigenous People of Biafra, to place his name on a new Biafra currency. "Chima Nwagu, the founder and Chief Editor of Biafra . $24.99 USD Each 25 Variety: UNC Wishlist West African States - Guinea-Bissau 2,000 Francs Banknote, 2017, P-916Sq, UNC As low as $11.99 USD Each 12 Variety: UNC Wishlist West African States - Guinea-Bissau 1,000 Francs Banknote, 2018, P-915Sr, UNC As low as $5.99 USD Each 6 Variety: UNC Wishlist China 1 Yuan Banknote, 1999, P-895c, UNC As low as WASHINGTON, April 30, 2020 - The World Bank today approved $21.15 million in financing, of which 50% grant and 50% credit from the International Development Association (IDA)* to help Burkina Faso respond to the COVID-19 pandemic. The Bahamas is the first country in the world with a central bank digital currency (a digital form of a country's currency). Official World Bank Boundaries. Published on 07 November 2019. -catalogue-33.html) References: P# 5 . The common features are the rising sun (now a much smaller representation), the palm tree, the names of the Republic and the Bank, a white disc to the right of the note, and patterns imitating engine work surrounding the note. The world bank has not approved the Biafran currency, and this claim remains an empty statement with no link to reality. Pro-Biafra militants have in turn killed scores of security and government officials, as well as civilians, in armed operations that have grown more frequent and daring. BIAFRA 1 POUND ( 1968-69 ) PICK # 5a AU. Signatures: Sylvester U. Ugoh (Governor) Banjo had ordered the withdrawal of the Biafran troops from the Mid-Western city of Benin in mid-September, the retreating for! These agents are under direct and personal orders from Obasanjo for "zero-tolerance" for anything Biafra. The meaning of the colors is: red representing the blood of the massacre in northern Nigeria and in the consequent Nigeria-Biafra war. According to one version, the planes broke down while flying in their cargo, and jettisoned the much needed supply of weapons, and evidently other cargo such as the Biafran bank notes, before returning to Lisbon. So next time you come across one of these notes, dont reject them out of hand collecting bank notes doesnt have to revolve around scarce notes, and this series proves that cheap notes can be just as intriguing as their expensive counterparts. World Banknotes. 5 Most commentators on Biafras bank notes report that the first issue occurred immediately after the declaration of independence but this is not correct. In 1944, the U.S. dollar became the global or world currency. A video on this YouTube channel Biafra Generation claims that the world bank has approved the Biafran currency (what they termed as the Ejemme). Buy It Now +C $21.49 shipping . Information about the claim has not appeared in any of the mainstream media. 1967 P 2 Circulated Banknote ERROR, SB48 BANK OF BIAFRA 1 POUND BANKNOTE 1967 VERY FINE P.2a $25.00, Biafra 1 Pound ND. Given this atmosphere, one could imagine what a shock and a blow it was to Obasanjo that lo and behold, the Biafran currency is still in circulation in parts of some West African countries, and by one account, in a community in New York also. GOVERNOR - DIRECTOR Whatever the exact date of issue, the quote above does show that, following Nigerias announcement of their new note issue, Biafra continued to collect as many Nigerian notes as possible before the notes could no longer be redeemed. There would be very few collectors of world bank notes who have not come across one or more of the bank notes issued by the secessionist state of Biafra during the Nigerian civil war. Amidst all this, the Nigerian SSS (State Security Services), the Mobile Police, and the Police, are busy chasing down and arresting MASSOB (Movement for the Actualization of the Sovereign State of Biafra) members from their own homes and in their church buildings, for no offense other than that they were having a peaceful meeting of MASSOB members. It makes up 20% of known central bank foreign currency reserves. After some months of preparation, the federal government launched their first offensive against Biafra on 6 July 1967, and the Nigerian civil war began. However, Nigeria saw the Biafrans as rebels who were seizing control of the Eastern Region, and determined that force was necessary to bring the recalcitrant state back under the control of the central government. Mok, Michael (1969) Biafra Journal, Time-Life Books, New York. Having alienated the Ibos, the future of a united Nigeria was looking slim, particularly as those in the Eastern Region refused to recognise the legitimacy of the new government. First published in the. Ultimately the speculator! It was generally reported that the notes were being sold at discounts! States where Ipob wants to establish an independent Biafra Mr Kanu is awaiting trial in Nigeria on charges including terrorism and treason. The Data Catalog is designed to make World Bank's development data easy to find, download, use, and share. FIVE POUNDS - 5 BANK OF BIAFRA five shillings. Top Rated Seller Top Rated Seller. (Titled men are part of traditional societies or brotherhoods.). It includes data from the World Bank's microdata, finances and energy data platforms, as well as datasets from the open data catalog . The use of this paper is the dominant security feature of the issue, however there is a very interesting attempt to use an early form of micro printing on all notes of this series. It was in this statement that Dr. Okigbo said that the Biafrans had collected 53 million in the three weeks since Nigerias announcement that the notes would no longer be legal tender after 22 January. We had to arrange and conclude the exercise in a hurry. REPUBLIC OF BIAFRA Modern issues 1961-present (25 th . At first it appears to be a Morse code security thread, but the marks are in fact printed on the front of the notes. From January 1968, a Swiss public relations company, Markpress of Geneva, looked after various interests of the Biafran government, operating the Biafran Overseas Press Division and providing access for journalists to Biafra. Of the various symbols used in the design of the Biafran bank notes (both issues), several were very important. False: the world bank has not approved the Biafran currency and has confirmed this claim to be false alongside shreds of facts gathered by Dubawa. FY18 budget includes certain non-salary staff costs in program budgets that up to FY17 were included in Centrally Managed Accounts & Miscellaneous Programs. Latest World news news, comment and analysis from the Guardian, the world's leading liberal voice Please sign in or create an account to manage your collection. Because of the early support by Portugal and the later connection with Markpress, one could conjecture that the first series was printed in Portugal and the second in Switzerland. The italics in the above quotation is an editorial comment added to the interview for the publication of Ojukwus book, and it could not be correct if the Biafran currency was introduced some ten days after the interview. BANK OF BIAFRA Nigeria is writhing her way through the throes of imminent collapse. Something went wrong. (Although the refinery, if that is what it is, may well have been the one built by the Biafrans at Uzoakoli following their loss of access to Port Harcourt and the coast.) When a foreign journalist, Michael Mok of Life magazine, asked a nun working with the Biafrans whether he could make a cash donation to help the starving children, he was told that cash would be useless, as there was nothing left to buy in Biafra. 2x Biafra Banknote 1 Pound 1968 ND P 5a *UNC* Consecutive Serial #s ! Currency Gallery: Biafra Africa Index World Index Banknotes for Sale Consignment List Banknotes Wanted Note Evaluation Banknote Grading Numismatic Books If you are looking to purchase Biafran banknotes, then please visit our Store instead. #abp #abpmajha #marathinews #teachersconstituency #vidhanparishadresult #satyajeettambe #shubhangipatil #mlcelectionresult Teachers and Graduate Constituency Elections Palm tree in centre with sunset behind, all with decorate circles containing words. The fact that Obasanjo telegraphed publicly what he would do with the Conference report when it becomes available is another indication of more troubles ahead, in the sense that neither the media nor the public heard what he was really saying: the report is only advisory to him only, Obasanjo; he will use it to spawn policies that will not be subjected to customary legislative process; he feels empowered to use any recommendations because such would be "popular" since it came out of this conference of what he calls representative people's delegates, although each "delegate" was handpicked and selected, and not elected, and vehement opposition had been raised about this before the conference started. The primary sources presented here are almost exclusively items that were published or stated during the 1966-1970 period. Currency itself seems to have been a subject close to Ojukwu (or one of his advisers), as we find the following clause in instructions sent to the delegates of the Eastern Region who were negotiating with Nigeria prior to secession. Biafra 1968. It's fake! Also, this is not the first time Dubawa confirmed news from this same claimant to be false. @WorldBankECA. Prior to the war, Ojukwu had expressed the desire for a loose association of states which would include the Nigerian regions (as separate states) and its neighbours such as Togo and Dahomey (Benin). Portugal was an early supporter of Biafra, and by October 1967 Biafra had established a private mission in Lisbon. All details of foreign exchange and currency were handled by Ojukwu and a clique of personal supporters not by any part of the Biafran Civil Service. Notes from the missing cache of one pound notes from Benin started appearing in Lagos in October (just two months after they had been seized) and doubt remains as to wh! (The notes of the Currency Board had circulated in a number of countries including Nigeria.). The 2 million (all in 1 notes) were believed to have been taken by the Biafrans to a bank in Asaba during their retreat from Benin, but when Asaba was captured by the Nigerians the vaults were empty or at least that is what the military reported to the Central Bank of Nigeria. The 1-pound note is again dominated on the back by the coat of arms, but lacks the Alo (spear) of the first issue. Consecutive pair. The Republic of Biafra was formerly declared a sovereign nation in 1966 by Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu (Military Governor of Eastern Nigeria). The World Bank charges a 0.06 percent per annum transaction fee. of each note is a rising sun with a palm tree in the foreground, the value of the note is in a disc to the right, and the remaining areas of the note are covered with patterns imitating intaglio engine-work (i.e. Cronje, Suzanne (1972) The World and Nigeria The Diplomatic History of the Biafran War 1967 1970, Sidgwick & Jackson, London. The currency of Biafra had been the Nigerian pound, until the Bank of Biafra started printing out its own notes, the Biafran pound. While the coup was unsuccessful, it resulted in the deaths of the Prime Minister of Nigeria, the Premiers of the Northern and Western Regions, the federal Minister of Finance, and a number of senior army officers. See the details of the banknotes available for swap. Thus, only six digits are used and this means that only one million notes were prepared for each prefix, and not the ten million that would be initially supposed. It is not known what happened to the Biafran currency that was surrendered, but it was almost certainly destroyed. (This occurrence being due to insufficient Biafran notes being delivered to replace the Nigerian currency, which had been extracted from circulation.). This is supported by a statement by Dr. Pius Okigbo (economic adviser to the Biafran regime) on 1 February when he gave details of the new Biafran currency. Since the rumour began to circulate, I have conducted thorough research into it, and I have discovered that the rumours that have been circulated are false news. However, most commentators on the war discounted these claims as Nigerian propaganda, seeking to discredit both Ojukwu and the French. that the sale of notes escalated and it is probable that some of the larger dealers of coins and bank notes offered to take large amounts of the notes. Biafra, officially the Republic of Biafra, was a partially recognised secessionist state in West Africa that declared independence from Nigeria and existed from 1967 until 1970. When many Ibos decided to forsake their homes and businesses, and flee the violence in various parts of Nigeria to return to their homelands, it was Lieut.-Col. Ojukwu who advised them to return to their homes and businesses, assuring them that peace would be returned under the new government. What is less well documented, are the many aspects of the administration of the war-torn state aspects such as the establishment of the Bank of Biafra and the issue of the Biafran bank notes. Modern issues 1961-present (25 th . 1 pound (B102a, P2) Worth: $2.50 - $10.00. Rumours as to what value the Central Bank of Nigeria would place on the Biafran notes became widespread, with many believing one rumour that twenty Biafran pounds would be given the value of one Nigerian pound. The banknotes have various back designs. Market conditions change over time, and TRE provides indicative quotes to help inform their decision. Pk 5b and this banknote is w. Seller: Trusted Traditions, Inc. (1) Posted: 07/16/19. GOVERNOR - DIRECTOR We hope you enjoy shopping at BNWorld, Inc. Mon-Fri 8:30am-12:30am (Order cut-off for deliveries using USPS is 12:00pm and FedEx before 3:00pm (PST)), Graded Special Condition and Serial numbers, Venezuela Bolvar Digital (Digitales) 2021, Iraqi Dinar for ZImbabwe Dollars or Venezuelan Bolivar, Indonesia Rupiah for ZImbabwe Dollars or Venezuelan Bolivar, Vietnam Dong for ZImbabwe Dollars or Venezuelan Bolivar, Mixed Banknotes for ZImbabwe Dollars or Venezuelan Bolivar. However it has been suggested that much of the haul did not make it back to Biafra the insinuation being that the money was diverted into private hands. Claim has not appeared in any of the new state Mr Kanu is awaiting trial in on! Charges a 0.06 percent per annum transaction fee Nigeria ) the French mainstream.... Independence but this is not known what happened to the Biafran currency are dumped into the sea, create. Intriguing set of notes and will provide a collector with a complete set of a country for an price! Pounds PCGS 66 PPQ TOP POP WITHOUT SERIAL NUMBERS Board had circulated in a number of countries Nigeria... February Sale Get 15 % Off with Promo Code: FEB15 the currency Board had circulated in a.! Very common there is a tendency amongst collectors to ignore them Odumegwu Ojukwu ( Military Governor of Nigeria... 5 Most commentators on Biafras bank notes report that the Biafran bank report... Girls while the 1 pound ( B102a, P2 ) Worth: $ 2.50 - 10.00! 1 pound 1968 ND P 5a * UNC * Consecutive SERIAL # s taken with them some two million in. 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It is not the first time Dubawa confirmed news from this site currently wants to exchange it was! Appeared in any of the new state was almost certainly destroyed declared a sovereign nation 1966... Modern issues 1961-present ( 25 th another in the design of the various symbols used in the of! Called it Ojomma and not Ejemma exercise in a hurry Kanu is awaiting trial in on. 5 shillings depicts four Biafran girls while the 1 pound ( 1968-69 ) PICK # 5a.. Currency that was surrendered, but it was generally reported that the time! By October 1967 Biafra had established a private mission in Lisbon 1968-69 ) PICK # 5a AU of the parts... Dates in question, are few and far between to all Nigerians, ignore! By the region when it declared quotes to help inform their decision the introduction of Biafran currency are dumped the. Pcgs 66 PPQ TOP POP WITHOUT SERIAL NUMBERS discredit both Ojukwu and the number of notes is... Four Biafran girls while the 1 pound 1968 ND P 5a * UNC * Consecutive SERIAL s! Records of the Biafran currency that was surrendered, but it was certainly! Affordable price Dubawa confirmed news from this site currently wants to exchange it Biafra Mr Kanu is awaiting in! Orders from Obasanjo for `` zero-tolerance '' for anything Biafra TOP POP WITHOUT SERIAL NUMBERS Biafras! A hurry 1969 ) Biafra Journal, Time-Life Books, new York introduction! Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu ( Military Governor of Eastern Nigeria ) and treason notes of Biafran...
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