But when Hitler and the Nazis rose to power in the early 1930s, they quickly backed out of the Treaty of Versailles and began equipping for a much different kind of war. The Maginot Line was one of the largest military structures ever built, second only to the Great Wall of China. The fortifications were built as a result of experiences from the . Nonetheless, in 1927, the Inter-Allied Commission, which was responsible for ensuring that Germany complied with Part V of the Treaty of Versailles, was abolished as a goodwill gesture reflecting the "Spirit of Locarno". Why does Maureen have a privilege status in the school community? In discussion with General Brousseau, the commander of the Metz sector and other officers, the general outlined the French problem in extending the line to the sea in that placing the line along the Belgian-German border required the agreement of Belgium, but putting the line along the French-Belgian border relinquished Belgium to the Germans. Her incessant cleaning suggests she feels her home has been dirtied through the violation of her daughter. This was impossible elsewhere as the other parts of the line were located in civilian areas.[10]. A middle-class Black woman who, though she keeps house flawlessly and diligently cares for the physical appearances of herself and her family (including her husband, Louis, and her son, Junior), is essentially cold. [18], After 1918, the German economy was twice as large as that of France; Germany had a population of 70 million compared to France's 40 million, and the French economy was hobbled by the need to reconstruct the enormous damage of World War I, while German territory had seen little fighting. They would be supplemented by reservists who lived in the local area and who could be quickly mobilised in an emergency. In Did you have a question about the first chapter of Bluest Eye. Pecola is confused and talks about how nice Miss Marie (that is, the Maginot Line) and her friends are. The family does not pay Pauline the last bit of money they owe her. One attack broke through a weak section of the line in the Vosges Mountains, but the French defenders stopped a second attack near Wissembourg. My students love how organized the handouts are and enjoy tracking the themes as a class., Requesting a new guide requires a free LitCharts account. The kitchen is spotless, with white porcelain and white woodwork. Both static and mobile artillery units were assigned to defend the Maginot Line. (one code per order). French cognate of Mary, which is derived from the Hebrew Mirym, a name of debated meaning. You can view our. "That's just what the French did," says Kirchubel. Having light eyes marks a character as different. Following the First World War, the French government and military officials feared another war with Germany would occur sometime in the future. Read an in-depth analysis of Pecola Breedlove. Just six weeks after Hitler began his land invasion of the country, France surrendered to Germany. She begins to become more religious, solidifying her identity as a martyr. . Maginot Line, elaborate defensive barrier in northeast France constructed in the 1930s and named after its principal creator, Andr Maginot, who was France's minister of war in 1929-31. For African Americans it suggests the possibility of interracial heritage, which may carry with it . [18] The power of properly dug-in defensive trenches had been amply demonstrated during World War I, when a few soldiers manning a single machine gun post could kill hundreds of the enemy in the open and therefore building a massive defensive line with subterranean concrete shelters was the most rational use of French manpower. The Maginot Line was impervious to most forms of attack. When she speaks to Pecola and her friends, her voice is like rotten pieces of apple, but when she speaks to the white girl, her voice is like honey. The Maginot Line took 10 years to build, starting in 1929. [31] Stephen Ambrose wrote that in January 1945, "a part of the line was used for the purpose it had been designed for and showed what a superb fortification it was." He shot at Henry and Henry ran away. The insinuation that Frieda might be "ruined" does not make Mrs. MacTeer angry at Frieda; the wrath of Frieda's mother is directed entirely at Miss Dunion. [19], The American historian William Keylor wrote that given the diplomatic conditions of 1929 and likely trends with the United States isolationist and Britain unwilling to make the "continental commitment" the decision to build the Maginot Line was not irrational and stupid, as building the Maginot Line was a sensible response to the problems that would be created by the coming French withdrawal from the Rhineland in 1930. These anti-tank obstacles extended from end to end in front of the main works, over hundreds of kilometres, interrupted only by extremely dense forests, rivers, or other nearly impassable terrains. "The Maginot Line would have done just fine against a German army with no tanks, airplanes or heavy artillery," says Kirchubel, all of which were banned inside Germany after WWI. Pauline learns to love the soft blonde hair of her employers' child and despise the thicker black curls of her own daughter. She lies in an empty lot ruminating and then heads home. The Maginot Line is upstairs on the porch drinking root beer, and she tells the children that Pecola is helping her mother at her workplace. Czechoslovakia also feared Hitler and began building its own defences. Thanks for creating a SparkNotes account! The Maginot Line is a vast remembrance of why a purely defensive strategy is not the most effective way to protect a country. Detailed explanations, analysis, and citation info for every important quote on LitCharts. They go to Pecolas house, but no one is home. She makes fun of Claudia and Frieda and tries to get them into trouble, and they sometimes beat her up. It turns out that Henry touched Friedas breasts. However, Frieda is crying now because Miss Dunion's words have taken hold; she's worried now that she's "ruined." The Schoenenbourg Maginot Line fort (Ouvrage Schoenenbourg) was the largest of the Maginot Line forts, a series of forts built in the 1920s and 30s by the French government to deter invasion from Germany. [17] As long as the French occupied the Rhineland, it served as a type of collateral under which the French would annex the Rhineland in the event of Germany breaching any of the articles of the treaty, such as rearming in violation of Part V; this threat was powerful enough to deter successive German governments all through the 1920s from attempting any overt violation of Part V.[18] French plans as developed by Marshal Ferdinand Foch in 1919 were based on the assumption that in the event of a war with the Reich, the French forces in the Rhineland were to embark upon an offensive to seize the Ruhr. These impressive fortifications 142 large artillery forts called ouvrages or "works," 352 fortified gun emplacements called "casemates," and 5,000 smaller bunkers and pillboxes became known as the Maginot Line, named after the French politician Andr Maginot (pronounced Mah-ji-noh). Their purpose was to locate the enemy, direct and correct the indirect fire of artillery, and report on the progress and position of critical enemy units. Ace your assignments with our guide to The Bluest Eye! You'll be able to access your notes and highlights, make requests, and get updates on new titles. Although the name "Maginot Line" suggests a relatively thin linear fortification, it was pretty deep, varying (from the German border to the rear area) from 2025 kilometres (1216 miles). Ace your assignments with our guide to The Bluest Eye! Over time, she begins to devote all of her energy to taking care of the Fishers' home, and neglects her own home. [15] The German statement following The Manchester Guardian's article that Germany did not feel bound by the terms of Versailles and would violate them as much as possible gave much offence in France. [37] In support, Roth commented that the French strategy envisioned one of two possibilities by advancing into Belgium: "either there would be a decisive battle in which France might win, or, more likely, a front would develop and stabilise". Miss Marie is overweight and kind, China read analysis of China, Poland, and Miss Marie Maureen Peal The little white girl is dressed in delicate pink and has yellow hair. Kaufmann and H.W. Ouvrage Hochwald is the only facility in the main line that remains in active service as a hardened command facility for the French Air Force known as Drachenbronn Airbase. Why did the French build the line? [18] French decision-makers knew that the victory of 1918 had been achieved because the British Empire and the United States were allies in the war and that the French would have been defeated on their own. On your tree as germany there is a focus that takes 28 days called around the maginot. Frieda equates being "ruined" to being like the Maginot Line, because she heard her mother say that the Maginot Line was a "ruined" woman. Because she is closer to adolescence, Frieda is more vulnerable to her communitys equation of whiteness with beauty. The defences were first proposed by Marshal Joseph Joffre. Subscribe now. Instead of worrying that her own daughter has been burned by the hot berries, she pushes Pecola down into the pie juice. They argue had those troops been moved north, "it is possible that Heeresgruppe A's advance could have been blunted, giving time for Groupe d'armees 1 to reorganise". [45], Jackson commented that "it has often been alleged that the Maginot Line contributed to France's defeat by making the military too complacent and defence-minded. March 1, 2023, SNPLUSROCKS20 PDFs of modern translations of every Shakespeare play and poem. The largest guns were, therefore 135mm (5.3in) fortress guns; larger weapons were to be part of the mobile forces and were to be deployed behind the lines. (including. Frieda is more knowledgeable about the adult world and sometimes braver than Claudia. Claudia does not yet know that her mother here is reacting to Frieda's assault by Mr. Henry. Cholly refuses to give her money for better clothes, so she takes work housekeeping. That resulted in "the media exaggerating their descriptions by turning the line into an impregnable fortified position that would seal the frontier". Our, "Sooo much more helpful thanSparkNotes. [27] For economic reasons, the success of the strategy of la guerre de longue dure would at the very least require Britain to maintain a benevolent neutrality, preferably to enter the war as an ally as British sea power could protect French imports while depriving Germany of hers. Best summary PDF, themes, and quotes. Origin of Marie. The Maginot Line laughs and throws her root-beer bottle at them. The largest was the French Maginot Line, a system of mammoth, self-contained forts stretching from Switzerland to the vicinity of the Belgian frontier near Montmdy. From front to rear (east to west), the line was composed of: 1. While most of the giant underground fortresses of the Maginot Line were abandoned or destroyed, you can visit a few of them, still in working order. Its construction created a false sense of security, which was widely believed by the French population. When he returned, Mr. and Mrs. MacTeer attacked him. Line of fortifications along the French/German border, 1927: Allied Control Commission abolished. Soaphead Church, whose real name is Elihue Whitcomb, is a man of mixed race from the Caribbean. You go around it. Thus the Germans were able to avoid a direct assault on the Maginot Line by violating the neutrality of Belgium, Luxembourg and the Netherlands. 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