perfectly vertical) and braced to prevent swaying and displacement. [, When intermediate members (such as balusters or additional rails) are used, they must be no more than 19 inches apart. 4. Platforms may be coated periodically with wood preservatives, fire retardants, and slip-resistant finishes, provided they do not obscure the top or bottom wood surfaces. For lathing and plastering, a gap of 18 inches is permitted. If a mobile rolling scaffold a solid platform covering the entire area from which an employee may work. bucks) must be joined together vertically by coupling or stacking pins (or equivalent means). (True or False) _____ 3. Catenary Scoffold. Supported scaffold poles, legs, posts, frames, and uprights shall bear on base plates and mud sills (or other adequate firm foundation). Install the deck, which may be an all aluminium platform or with wood deck or scaffold planks. Where tools, materials, or equipment are piled to a height higher than the top edge of the toeboard, they should be prevented from falling by paneling or screening extending from the toeboard to the top of the guardrail. Scaffold components cannot be mixed if they are from different manufacturers unless they fit together without force. Has vertical supports resting on a firm foundation or sills. 2011 Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University | Website Feedback. OSHA 1926.454 (c) states: When an employer has reason to believe . Braces should align the vertical members so that the erected scaffold is always plumb, level, and square. Too much material being stored on the platform. When the employee tried to set the third level frame into the pins of the second level, the frame he was trying to position flipped to one side. Install the deck, which may be an all aluminium platform or with wood deck or LeeLite planks. Cross-bracing is required on both front and back sides of each scaffold buck or frame. Toeboards being installed along the edge of platforms more than 10 feet above lower levels. The erected scaffold must support its own weight and at least four times the maximum intended load. [, Guardrails must be surfaced to prevent punctures or lacerations to employees and to prevent snagging of clothing, which may cause employees to lose their balance. Construction and loading must comply with engineered designs and manufacturers requirements. Strict rules and regulations have been issued by the OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Administration) and the EU-OSHA (European Agency for Safety and Health at Work). (Your Answer) 3. [, In addition to meeting the requirements of, When vertical lifelines are used, they must be fastened to a fixed safe point of anchorage, independent of the scaffold, and be protected from sharp edges and abrasion. Wooden platforms (i.e. Legs, posts, frames, poles, and uprights must be on base plates and mud sills, or a firm foundation and, be plum b and braced. Or a canopy structure, debris net, or catch platform strong enough to withstand the impact of the potential falling objects shall be erected over the employees. Due to their strength, these scaffolds are frequently used where heavy loads need to be carried, or where multiple platforms must reach several stories high. the diagonal brace to keep the scaffolding square. Support scaffold footings must be level and capable of supporting the loaded scaffold. The maximum extension for a screw jack is 18 inches high. Fasten the screw jack to the sills with either nails or screws. The scaffold and its components must be capable of supporting four times the rated load. [, A space of at least 3 inches between handrails, or stair rails used as handrails, and other objects. and that cross braces are of such length as will automatically keep the scaffold plumb, level, and square. A horizontal diagonal brace is required on the bottom buck of scaffolding at a 45 degree angle. Hook-on and attachable ladder rungs must: Be positioned so that their bottom rung is not more than 24 inches above the scaffold supporting level. (Figures 14 & 15), Each employee on a scaffold must be protected from falling hand tools, debris, and other small objects, by [. One concerns the employees on the scaffold itself, and the other concerns employees who may work in or enter the area below the scaffold. [, OSHA standards specifically forbid climbing cross-braces as a means of access. Where a platform changes direction (ex. We commit to utilizing our collective talent to support your risk management and insurance goals. The planking used must be "scaffold grade.". Consider such platforms for added stability and safety. CapacityScaffolds and scaffold components must support at least 4 times the maximum intended load. That's one of the reasons why we need to keep it inspected - for safety sake! The poles, legs, or uprights of scaffolds must be plumb, and securely and rigidly braced to prevent swaying and displacement. Guardrails must be installed on scaffolding over 10'. And also, there are lots of sites that sell scaffolding spare parts. The focus of this position will be to construct, erect, install, and repair structures and fixtures of wood, plywood, and wallboard, using carpenter's hand tools and power tools, conforming to . To accomplish this, the scaffold design must incorporate a realistic assessment of maximum intended loads on the scaffold at all stages of erection and loading. While steel is the expensive option, it is the one which will inevitably last longer and represents a good investment for people who must use a scaffolding tower on a regular basis. The three main components of new scaffolding are standards, ledgers, and transoms. USA (v. 2008) 22 Tubular Welded-frame Scaffolds. Ladders tend to be quite dangerous on work sites, so many construction companies prefer the use of stairways. Tip: Separation of frames can occur in high winds (uplift), or when workers climb endframes, overload the platform, or strike the scaffold with tools, materials, etc. Top rails (manufactured after 1/1/2000) must be 38 - 45 inches above the platform surface. To accomplish this, the scaffold design must incorporate a realistic . Plumb and level all scaffolds as the erection proceeds. Since it is an elevated platform, the stability decreases as the height increases. [, All brace connections must be secured to prevent dislodging. Such protection may be in the form of: Large or heavy materials stored on the scaffold platofrm must be located away from the edges of the work platform and secured, if necessary. Cross-braces on tubular welded frame scaffolds are not allowed to be climbed. The scaffold was not secured to wooden footing supports, nor was it tied to the building. [, Be positioned so that their bottom step is not more than 24 inches above the scaffold supporting level, [, Have rest platforms at maximum vertical intervals of 12 feet, [, Have a minimum step width of 16 inches, except for mobile scaffold stairway-type ladders, which shall have a minimum step width of 11 inches [, Have slip-resistant treads on all steps and landings. Pumpjack scaffolds are for light duty only. When a supported scaffold reaches a height that is more than four times its minimum base dimension (4:1), it must be restrained by guys, ties, or braces to prevent it from tipping. Such a scaffold can be set up on either side of the building, and offers a great level of flexibility. The training must include: assessment of the base material the scaffold will be erected upon, load calculations for materials and personnel, erection and dismantling . [, Be seated with side-brackets parallel to the frames, and end-brackets at 90 degrees to the frames. For example, a . Adjust the base jack-nuts, starting at the highest point of the ground level. Make sure that a competent person inspects the scaffold before each work shift. (k) The poles, legs, or uprights of scaffolds must be plumb, and securely and rigidly braced to prevent swaying and displacement. Tip: For the same reason, cleats or other means of connecting planks should be on the underside. We are headquartered in Turlock, CA, with locations across the heart of Californias Central Valley and beyond to provide a local feel to the solutions and services we provide our clients. Do not use makeshift methods to increase the working height of the scaffold platform, such as with ladders, buckets or blocks. Plumb and brace poles, legs, posts, frames and uprights to prevent swaying and displacement. Fasten the levelling jack to the sills with either nails or screws. [, Any part of a scaffold that has been damaged or weakened so that it no longer meets OSHA strength requirements must either be repaired, replaced, braced, or removed from service. [, Ties, guys, braces, or outriggers shall be used to prevent tipping of supported scaffolds bearing eccentric loads, such as cantilevered work platforms. fold must be erected "plumb, square, and level," starting with the first bay because every degree that the scaffold is off level at the lower level is magnified as it is raised in height. System Scaffolding. They are erected in a manner that creates a usable ladder and provides good hand hold and foot space. Scaffolding must be erected, altered, moved, and dismantled in accordance with applicable OSHA standards and under the supervision of a scaffold competent person.Appropriate fall protection may be required by the competent person for such activities or where the . . For example, if wrapped with mesh, will the scaffold support expected wind loads? (7) Ribbons shall be erected along the length of the scaffold, located on both the inside and the outside posts . Extreme weather or damage to structural components can also affect a scaffold's stability. It is not all-inclusive and should be used as a starting point for the competent person to develop a checklist specific to the type of scaffold and jobsite conditions encountered. Placement of potential falling objects away from the edge of the surface from which they may fall when the falling objects are too large, heavy or massive to be contained or deflected by any of the above-listed measures. Check the level again and plumb if necessary. [, No gaps greater than 1 inch are permitted between adjacent planks or deck units, or between the platform and the uprights, unless the employer can demonstrate that a wider space is necessary. A plumb bob uses gravity to help you align things properly. 1. Supported scaffold poles, legs . NOTE: Except where indicated, these requirements also apply to manually propelled, pump jack, ladder jack, tube and coupler, and pole scaffolds, as well as the specialty scaffolds described in the Supported Scaffolds module. Changes in the types of scaffolds, fall protection, falling object protection, or other equipment present a hazard for which an employee has not previously been trained. Be sure scaffold stays plumb and level as . Employers are required to provide fall protection for employees erecting or dismantling supported scaffolds where it is feasible, and where installing and using it does not create a greater hazard. For example, if the base width is three feet, the first vertical tie will be (3 feet x 4) 12 feet from the ground. CALL US AT 877-997-2233. B. Hardware should be included to fasten the planks into place. Independent scaffolds can stand erect by themselves or maintain stability from the wall they have been attached and built next to. Float Scaffold. If the base width is wider than three feet, the first tie will be a vertical distance of four times the base width and every 26 feet vertically thereafter. Suspension scaffold rigging must at least 6 times the intended load. Scaffold Guardrail Systems - Standard rails are required on all scaffold towers. Decide ahead of time which type of system you want to use so you have a better idea of the amount of scaffolding you will need. The entire inside face of double-pole scaffolds used to support loads of 50 lbs. Training shall include [. Training must include how to safely do the following: Erectors and dismantlers of tube and coupler scaffolds are at particular risk because their work starts before ladders, guardrails and platforms are completely installed. Attach tags at the access point of the scaffold. He fell 16 feet to the ground, sustaining facial fractures and other injuries. The technical storage or access that is used exclusively for statistical purposes. Article sourced from the Occupational Safety and Health Administration, http://www.OSHA.gov. Personal fall arrest systems used on scaffolds are required when the guardrail system is incomplete or does not provide adequate protection. Correct procedures for erecting, disassembling, etc. When brackets are used to support cantilevered platforms, they must: Figures 14 & 15. Fasten all couplers and/or connections securely before assembling the next level. All scaffolding products available at scaffoldframe.com meets OSHA and ANSI standards, and have a 5 year warranty*. Changes at the worksite present a hazard for which an employee has not previously been trained. In the same vein, a "true" corner would be squared to exactly 90 degrees. Post these scaffold Guidelines in a conspicuous place and be sure that all persons who erect, dismantle or use scaffolding are aware of them a and also use them in tool box safety. [. In general, a level is the easiest way to achieve the desired right angles. The correct procedures for dealing with those hazards. Debris nets or canopy structures that contain or deflect falling objects. [29 CFR 1926.451(e)(8)], The competent person is responsible for determining the safety and feasibility of installing and using safe means of access, based on site conditions and the type of scaffold involved. (. They should be installed along all open sides and at both ends of platforms, except when used as a walkway, the platform is the main working area of the scaffold. Ladder Jack Scaffold. When platform units are abutted together to create a long platform, each abutted end must rest on a separate support surface. Tip: Because it may be difficult to determine if a power line is insulated, or what its exact voltage is, the 10 foot rule should always be applied. Requirements to prevent falls that apply only to these workers are addressed separately below. [, A scaffold stairway width of at least 18 inches between stair rails. Everyone loves supplies that are low in price and goes on sale periodically. Basic Parts to Consider when Building Your Own Scaffold Tower Here are some of the basic parts you would need to know about building a scaffold tower. Because the frames are stacked, the cross braces have to keep the scaffold plumb, level, and square. This will have an impact on what components you will need as well as how many of each component will be necessary to complete your tasks. Only two workers may be on a pumpjack scaffold at a time. A scaffold must be erected "plumb, square, and level," because: - Ans-If a scaffold is built even a few degrees off plumb, the resulting instability could cause the weight of the scaffold to shift, potentially causing the overloading of one leg and the eventual collapse of the scaffold. He fell, sustaining a concussion for which he was hospitalized. Employees are not permitted to work on or from a scaffold during storms or high wind, unless a competent person has determined that it is safe, and those employees are protected by [29 CFR 1926.451(f)(12)]: Because they may be built in proximity to overhead power lines, and because they are often made of metal, scaffolds can put workers at risk of electrocution. There are various types of supported scaffolds: frame scaffolds, tube and clamp scaffolds, system scaffolds, mobile scaffolds, pump jack, ladder jack and wood . (Figure 4) [, Scaffolds shall be altered only under the supervision and direction of a competent person. (F) Tubular welded frame scaffolds. Personal Fall Arrest System. Installed protective coverings to prevent accidental contact with the lines. Haul Scaffolding Safely. Be sure scaffold stays plumb and level as erection progresses. and must be provided on any scaffold 10 feet or more above a lower level. Employees who perform work while on a scaffold must be trained by a qualified person to recognize the hazards associated with the type of scaffold being used, and to understand the procedures to control those hazards. 6. He suffered multiple fractures to the head, left and right foot, and left wrist, and torn ligaments in the knees. [29 CFR 1926.451(g)(2)]. [29 CFR 1926.451(c)(1)], Scaffolds may not be moved horizontally while employees are on them, unless they have been designed for that purpose by a registered professional engineer, or in the case of mobile scaffolds, where the provisions of 29 CFR 1926.452(w) are followed. Erectors and dismantlers face additional access problems due to the incomplete condition of the scaffolding. Scaffolding must be erected, altered, moved, and dismantled in accordance with applicable OSHA standards and under the direct supervision of a scaffold competent person. 1 . Scaffolds must be fully planked or decked whenever possible. The objective is to reduce the tripping hazard by having the ends of the top layer of planks form a straight line, rather than a saw-toothed edge, which increases tripping hazards. Guys, ties, and braces must be installed at locations where horizontal scaffold components support both inner and outer legs. As one of the fastest growing agencies in California, GDI Insurance Agency, Inc. is able to provide its clients with the latest and greatest of what the insurance industry has to offer and much, much more. . Barricades to keep personnel out of a hazardous area. By far, the most forgotten term of a door installation. | QUESTIONS? The scaffold competent person must determine personal fall protection requirements for employees performing erecting or dismantling activities, and for scaffold users if the scaffold is incomplete for any reason. Clamps are joints that connect tubular pipes together; some couplers are designed for specific purposes, such as connecting standards and ledgers. Plumb and level all scaffolds as the erection proceeds. Improper Access Leads to Serious Injuries. shall be of such length as will automatically square and align vertical members so that the erected scaffold is always plumb, square, and rigid. They may be made of solid material or mesh with openings no greater than 1 inch. The two measurements should be equal. from the top of the sill, depending on the slope. Lanyards or connecting devices must be connected to a vertical lifeline (1st choice), a horizontal lifeline (2nd choice), or a structural member of the scaffold (last choice). While sitting or kneeling on a fixed deck plank attached to a fabricated frame scaffold, a worker was pulling a 16-foot long 2x4 off the bucket of an excavator. Also they can be mobile or stationary. Guardrails May Have Saved Him, Occupational Safety and Health Administration, Outreach Training Program (10- and 30-hour Cards), OSHA Training Institute Education Centers, Electrical Incidents: Lack of Ground-Fault Protection, Severe Storm and Flood Recovery Assistance, Scaffolding : Supported Scaffolds - Frame or Fabricated, In order to assure stability, supported scaffolds must be set on [, Footings must be capable of supporting the loaded scaffold without settling or displacement. An employee was constructing the third level of a tubular, welded-frame scaffold while standing on the second level. Critical to scaffolding safety are the use of competent persons for the design, erection/dismantling, and maintenance of scaffolds, and trained workers for their use. Materials being hoisted onto a scaffold must Lapped scaffold planks are to be overlapped on a support at least at least 300 millimetres or greater past the edge of the plank underneath. Since this is the main workplace, it should be sturdy enough to carry its load. Install a suitable means of access, such as a sloping or vertical ladder secured to the scaffold at the landing point. [, When screens and mesh are used, they must extend from the top edge of the guardrail system to the scaffold platform, and along the entire opening between the supports. Ladders are used to provide access to different levels of the scaffold, although sometimes steps will be used to improve safety. Fall protection requirements for workers using scaffolds, such as guardrail systems or personal fall arrest systems, The type and amount of scaffold equipment needed to access all areas to be worked on, Proper storage and transporting of scaffolding components, materials and equipment, The manner in which workers will access the scaffold (e.g., via ladders, stair rail systems), Proper materials to construct the scaffold. Light-duty scaffolds can support 25 pounds per square foot. Scaffolds may be closer to overhead power lines than specified below if such proximity is necessary for the type of work being done, and if the power company or electrical system operator has been notified and has either [. Safe points of anchorage include structural members of buildings, but not standpipes, vents, electrical conduit, etc., which may give way under the force of a fall. Do not force frames or braces to fitlevel the scaffold until proper fit can easily be made. Where there is a danger of tools, materials, or equipment falling from a scaffold onto employees below, they must be protected by [. Some people would like their own customized scaffold towers. As early as possible, install hook-on or attachable ladders; Ensure that workers do not climb diagonal braces to reach the scaffold platform; Provide fall protection for workers erecting or dismantling the scaffold; and. Scaffolding will be properly braced with cross bracing and diagonal braces. Crawling Board. Canopy structures made of solid materials. Because metal frame scaffolds are conductive, power tools, cords, etc., that suffer insulation failure can electrify the entire scaffold. [, When moving platforms to the next level, the existing platform must be left undisturbed until the new end frames have been set in place and braced. decking, planks) must not be painted to hide defects. Scaffolding is naturally unstable because it is usually a tall structure with a narrow base. Scaffolding shall be designed by a qualified and competent . This is one more reason for always using fall protection. The size of the mud sill shall be based on the type of soil the scaffold will be erected upon. 22.B.12 Scaffolds shall be plumb and level unless engineered and designed to contour as the structure does. Learn how your comment data is processed. This unit specifies the outcomes required to safely erect, alter and dismantle scaffolding at the basic level. Something that is "plumb" runs perpendicular to the horizonmeaning that when it intersects the horizon, it makes a right (90 degree) angle. Reaching 5 foot high all the way up to 30 feet tall. [, Employees must be able to safely access any level of a scaffold that is 2 feet above or below an access point. (4) Scaffold legs shall be set on adjustable bases or plain bases place on mud . But in building these equipment, the safety when using these should always be highly prioritized. 5. The ladder must extend 1 m (3 ft.) above the landing. [29 CFR 1926.451(c)(3)]. The standard dimensions are 5 foot and 7 foot long. The drawback to stairways, however, is the amount of space they are likely to take up in the overall structure. The proper use of the scaffold, and the proper handling of materials on the scaffold. For long (running) scaffolds, guys, ties, and braces shall be installed at each end of the scaffold and at horizontal intervals not to exceed 30 feet. The technical storage or access is necessary for the legitimate purpose of storing preferences that are not requested by the subscriber or user. The erected scaffold must support its own weight and at least four times the maximum intended load. Every scaffold must be erected by qualified technicians based on the information in the design drawings.
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