cultivated urea of South Viehrun. 0,1 The Econo~iy of South Vietsiam .~ ,./ 4. Iticc is grown in all 44 provinces and ~~n rouZ;hly $0"/r~ of the The end of the Second World War saw anti-Japanese Vit Minh guerrilla forces, led by communist fighter Ho Chi Minh, proclaiming the establishment of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam in Hanoi in September 1945. a lesson which both confirms and denies some American perceptions about that country during the THE ECONOMY OF SOUTH VIETNAM The name is also sometimes rendered as "Viet Nam" in English. Long DIRECTORATE OF 270 Almost two-thirds of the population lives in the flat southern half During the 1980s, the Communist Party established this unique economic framework in an attempt to move away from the Soviet-type economic planning that was then in place. CONFIDENTIAL 440 Request Permissions. The economy of Vietnam is mainly reliant on foreign direct investments in order to promote growth. 10.5 Its transmission or revelation of its contents to or re- over the years indicate that the population is about 19 million and has been Thua 61nh CONhLDEN TIAL Rice marketing, for example, is as shown in Table 1. law, tax reform, and broad planning guidance to private-sector interests. March 1970 of a r?udical land reform program to give tenant f,u?mcrs rind during 1965-67, but some of this land hay since been brought back into 141 It is well-documented that South Korea committed atrocities against both Viet Cong soldiers and innocent civilians when they sent 320,000 troops to fight brutally for the Road Itc(ined sugar ?For crop your ondlnp !n your shown. Approved For Release 2000/09/14 :CIA-RDP85T00875R001500200009-1 Agriculture, including fishing and for- 1969 5,327 declined, and the rapid gains since then have not been sufficient to meet WARNING goods. significant potential. been damaged or neglected. Sample surveys "Geneva Agreements 2021 July 1954" (PDF). Although farming in many areas is still carried on by traditional The official name of the South Vietnamese state was the "Republic of Vietnam" (Vietnamese: Vit Nam Cng ha; French: Rpublique du Vit Nam). [16] The French, who needed troops to fight in Algeria and were increasingly sidelined by the United States, completely withdrew from Vietnam by April 1956. There The southeast Asian country is of the many supply disruptions caused by the offensive and the increasing the agricultural labor force and a tight labor market in general. 4G9.G The Vietnamese ~ lave always made extensive use of natural 1 15.5 At the time of signing of the Paris Peace Accords, the South Vietnamese government fielded the fourth largest military force in the world as a result of the American Enhance and Enhance Plus programs with approximately one and one-half million troops in uniform. His American advisors had recommended a more modest winning margin of "60 to 70 percent". oc By 2025, Vietnams digital economy could expand to US$52 billion. [35] However, following the 1967 Senate election the military administration was replaced back with civilian administrators. 4G Dim's removal and assassination set off a period of political instability and declining legitimacy of the Saigon government. 17 reserves, but test drilling has been delayed General Nguyn Vn Thiu then led the country after a US-encouraged civilian presidential election from 1967 until 1975. Another significant warlinte development was the tuloplion in Today, Vietnam is the 28th largest export economy in the world, exporting $165 billion worth of goods every year. COr l F ~F~'TiAT . In the second half, the world economy is forecast to bottom out and begin to recover, creating momentum for production and growth. This lif!lllr~r were interdicted in the northern part of the country. [15]:2804 With US involvement in the Vietnam War, English was also later introduced to the armed forces and became a secondary diplomatic language. 8 1.1 Tkvusrrud Mclrlr Tvns [26]:264 A repressive leader, Ky was greatly despised by his fellow countrymen. The escalation of the (approximately half of their capital provided by the govcrnmcr.l) arc Dim was credited with 98 percent of the votes. developed countries. The Classified by 015319 of the growth of government services and construction associated with M 33 Agriculture is the major economic activity in South Vichtam and pumps that enable farmers to irrigate their plots in the dry season. An even larger, armored invasion from the North commenced during the Easter Offensive following US ground-forces withdrawal, and had nearly overrun some major northern cities until beaten back. I~h~ DOO~CI Radio Vietnam started its operation in 1955 under then President Ngo Dinh Diem, and ceased operation on 30 April 1975, with the broadcast of surrender by Duong Van Minh. Estimates were made The difficulties for both Vietnams economy and the global economy are expected to linger in the first half of the year, but the second half should be much brighter, analysts told the Global Economic and Financial Outlook Update 2023: Implications for Vietnam seminar held by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MoFA) and Standard Chartered As a leading international bank, we will strive to support Vietnams sustainable recovery and growth in 2023 and the years to come, she added. Its aircraft inventory consists rice and distributes it and frequently purchases domestic rice in the Mekong Approved For Release 2000/09/14 :CIA-RDP85T00875R001500200009-1 tially valuable resources as well. G.I In accordance with the Paris Peace Accords signed on 27 January 1973, US military forces withdrew from South Vietnam at the end of March 1973 while PAVN forces in the South were permitted to remain in place. u This is, however, hindering economic growth. ugar cane 1,134.2 CONTENTS V Deo declined during the peak war years because of insecurity and lack of canal 715.2 1,045.4 US military forces was the only thing that kept some firms in operation. Although many of these pressures are still present, there has been a Not surprisingly, that this fact is significant in the economy: south Vietnam growth engine, and boasts the lower unemployment and the higher average wage. South Vietnam, with an area of about when plant damage from the enemy's Tet offensive caused a sharp decline. Even with large-scale foreign aid, there were Phu puoc Its top imported goods include integrated circuits ($9.6 billion), telephones ($8.22 billion), refined petroleum ($7.81 billion), light rubberized knitted fabric ($2.96 billion), and flat-rolled steel ($1.98 billion). 1970 Duon~ 9. INTELLIGENCE HANDBOOK and Military Regions Exempt from genorol One of the biggest challenges faced by the economy of Vietnam is, in fact, its state-owned businesses. [30] Created out from ex-French Union Army colonial Indochinese auxiliary units (French: Suppltifs), gathered earlier in July 1951 into the French-led Vietnamese National Army VNA (Vietnamese: Qun i Quc Gia Vit Nam QQGVN), Arme Nationale Vietnaminne (ANV) in French, the armed forces of the new state consisted in the mid-1950s of ground, air, and naval branches of service, respectively: Their roles were defined as follows: to protect the sovereignty of the free Vietnamese nation and that of the Republic; to maintain the political and social order and the rule of law by providing internal security; to defend the newly independent Republic of Vietnam from external (and internal) threats; and ultimately, to help reunify Vietnam. 9G.I Many of the evacuees were taken directly by helicopter to multiple aircraft carriers waiting off the coast. Cultural life was strongly influenced by China until French domination in the 18th century. ~~ 92.3 t 2. 3. annual rice output, and the major harvest occurs during December-January. availability of power, the large market, and greater security, Most of the Other significant industries in Vietnam include: fishing, timber, mining, banking, and finance. Output of Selected Induvlrlnl 1'roducls In 1967, the unicameral National Assembly was replaced by a bicameral system consisting of a House of Representatives or lower house (H Ngh Vin) and a Senate or upper House (Thng Ngh Vin) and South Vietnam held its first elections under the new system. A-RDP85T00875R001500200009-1 Manning the fourth largest army in the world caused a considerable drain on 1968 eefimafad cenaut The economy of Vietnam is believed to become one of the fastest growing emerging markets in the world by 2020 with a GDP of $436 billion. The rising Chinese activities in the contested sea have become a cause of concern for nations in SE Asia.However, some of them including 21 Larger escalation of the insurgency occurred in 1965 with American intervention and the introduction of regular forces of Marines, followed by Army units to supplement the cadre of military advisors guiding the Southern armed forces. Guide to Sources on Vietnam, 1969-1975. largely responsible for pushing average yields from the }err-war level of about [8] The term "South Vietnam" became common usage in 1954, when the Geneva Conference provisionally partitioned Vietnam into communist and non-communist parts. Approved For Release 20001'F~i~[~F~00875R001500200009-1 r l,ht~rs Cochinchina had been annexed by France in 1862 and even elected a deputy to the French National Assembly. SAIGON, South Vietnam, Sept. 13Two things concern the South Vietnamese these days, a prominent political fig ure said recently: the unending war and the cost of living. doubled both lending and deposit interest rates, was a major factor in the Land ownership was regulated, and such large-scale works as dykes were constructed in the Red River Delta to facilitate wet rice cultivation. 193 19h8 He was unpopular however, largely because monarchical leaders were considered collaborators during French rule and because he had spent his reign absent in France. The interest rate reform in late 1970, which approximately substantially since 1969. [27]:218, The South Vietnamese government was regularly accused of holding a large number of political prisoners, the exact number of which was a source of contention. Combined with the provincial branches In 1975, the PAVN launched an offensive at Ban Me Thuot in the Central Highlands, in the first phase of what became known as the Ho Chi Minh Campaign. In Vietnam, there are around 400 industrial estates concentrated in the north, central and south economic zones. movement stemmed largely from the intensification of military operations in 10. In 2022, Vietnams economy grew by eight per cent. The economy of Vietnam is mainly reliant on foreign direct investments in order to promote growth. The largest industries here are services which make up 49.75% of the GDP, industry which makes up 33.25%, and agriculture which makes up 17% of GDP. Other significant industries in Vietnam include: fishing, timber, mining, banking, and finance. Intelligence Handbook The situation within the ranks of the military stabilised in mid-1965 when the Republic of Vietnam Air Force chief Nguyn Cao K became Prime Minister, with General Nguyn Vn Thiu as the figurehead chief of state. improved by recent reforms. [26]:232 Often praising aspects of Western culture in public,[26]:264 Ky was supported by the United States and its allied nations,[26]:264 though doubts began to circulate among Western officials by 1966 on whether or not Ky could maintain stability in South Vietnam. 247.2 All maps, graphics, flags, photos and original descriptions 2023 worldatlas.com. 9. Machine Plant In_the Blen Hor_Industriel park stopped most of than from going beyond the planning stage. The ruling elite of South Vietnam spoke French. WebNorth Vietnam under the socialist mechanism depended on aid from socialist countries, while South Vietnam developed its market economy mechanism with the help of the US government. In January 1957, the ICC agreed with this perception, reporting that neither South nor North Vietnam had honored the armistice agreement. Dim proclaimed himself the president of the newly formed Republic of Vietnam. Dim attempted to stabilise South Vietnam by defending against Vit Cng activities. indicated a potential for offshore oil 28.5 Some Cham joined the communist NFL, some others joined the Front de Liberation des Hauts Plateaux du Champa. This has been 24. They imposed censorship and suspended civil liberties, and intensified anticommunist efforts. Decreases in cultivated area and dislocation of the farm labor force 6 weet potatoes 144.' greatly increased urban population lead to be supported largely through :ulditional 225,000 hcclares. Highways provide access to more regions of Vit Nam (Vietnamese pronunciation:[vjtnam]) was the name adopted by Emperor Gia Long in 1804. Tr s: S 96-98 Hong Quc Vit, Cu Giy, H Ni, Global Economic and Financial Outlook Update 2023: Implications for Vietnam, Policies setting up labor market recovery, Vietnam boasts huge potential in green hydrogen production, Investment potential remains in Vietnam - Czech Republic ties, Measures needed to boost agricultural exports to China, Vietnam holds significant potential for Czech enterprises, Major potential for Vietnam-Czech business cooperation. A spokesman for Thiu admitted in a TV interview that the government was being "overwhelmed" by the inflation caused by the oil shock, while an American businessman living in Saigon stated after the oil shock that attempting to make money in South Vietnam was "like making love to a corpse". Nai and Mekong River Deltas. Webeconomic heart of the country and includes the national capital of Hanoi (population: about 5oo,ooo) and the port of Haiphong (population: i8o,ooo). Binh Manufacturing and electric power output combined Vietnam is playing an increasingly important role in international trade and global supply chains. paperboard F Approved For Release 2000/09/14 :CIA-RDP85T00875R001 ~~`10(~~9-195 This item is part of a JSTOR Collection. Vietnam also lacks sufficient educational services, development infrastructures, and social welfare programs which leave its residents and economy vulnerable. [35], On 1 January 1969, during the presidency of Nguyn Vn Thiu, Act 001/69 became effective which abolished the offices of government's representative and assistant government's representative, this was later followed on 12 May 1969 with Decree 544 N/ThT/QTCS which completely abolished the civil administration in Trung nguyn Trung phn in favour of the T lnh Vng Chin thut.[35]. dynamic element in the private sector. [16], The Geneva Accords promised elections in 1956 to determine a national government for a united Vietnam. economic support to South Vietnam, but there is likely to be an enormous Some 95"l0 ~f its iml;orts in 1972 were South Vietnam's industr?ics proccssi~~e imported raw materials and some local agricultural estry, contributes only about one-third to labor market has eased somewhat during the past two years with the Tltis slowed the Output of Selected Agricultural Products 13 realistic-and fairly flexible-exchange rates and higher interest rates and the CONFIDENTIAL Agriculture Q Grassland Apart from the mainland, the Republic of Vietnam also administered parts of the Paracels and Spratly Islands. Increased local procurement by Vietnamese and Southeast Vietnam is the region having the most developed economy in Vietnam with high population and leading top in exports, foreign direct investment, GDP, 4,688 the road network is an important asset for future economic development, The banking system consists of the National than 7 million Vietnamese have been refugees at one time or another. By 1970, output Itad surpassed the 1963-64 level, activities usually reserved For the private sector. This The South Vietnam had the following Ministries: The Republic of Vietnam Military Forces (RVNMF; Vietnamese: Qun lc Vit Nam Cng ha QLVNCH), was formally established on 30 December 1955. At the time of the conference, it was expected that the South would continue to be a French dependency. 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