182, 186) exempted noncitizen service members from naturalization requirements related to age, race, residence, any educational tests, fees . D. By capturing nearby islands, the U.S. could install military bases to keep Japan in check. In most cases, the recordings were digitized by Library of Congress staff directly from the discs on which they were originally recorded. The result is a portrait of everyday life in America as the United States entered World War II. Over 100,000 Japanese Americans were forced into internment camps as a result of Executive Order 9066, which A. individual liberties his heroic conduct in Guam and the Philippines. What was the primary goal of the U.S. strategy of "island hopping" in the Pacific? . Admiral Nimitz was able to secure a decisive victory against the Japanese naval forces at the Battle of Midway because cutting off its access to the rich Caucasus oil fields. Select an argument used in favor of U.S. involvement in World War II. b.) Classroom Materials at the Library of Congress. B. the economy failed to improve. C. Q. The executive branch of the U.S. government was given unprecedented authority with C. the Lend-Lease Act A) U.S. delegate to the League of Nations d.) U.S. code breakers had intercepted the Japanese plans. He died of a brain hemorrhage on April 12,1945. B. Why was the United States reluctant to launch a land invasion of Japan? The International Refugee Organization (IRO), a temporary specialized agency of the newly established United Nations, was created in December 1946 to replace the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration (UNRRA) and the Intergovernmental Committee on Refugees (IGC), which had originally been created during the Evian Conference in 1938. C. an African American air squadron that conducted bombing raids over Europe. (This happened just as the systematic, mass murder of the Jews began with the German invasion of the Soviet Union.) The roots of World War II, which eventually pitted Germany, Japan, and Italy (the Axis) against the United States, Great Britain and the Soviet Union (the Allies), lay in the militaristic ideologies and expansionist policies of Nazi Germany, Italy, and Japan. What events is the preamble referring to in this excerpt? d.) Origins. b.) Place the events related to World War II in the correct sequence, following the signing of a mutual defense treaty by Japan and Germany. Why did the Allies refuse to bomb railway lines to the Nazi death camps? C. In December 1920, in the context of this isolationism, the international influenza pandemic, and a postwar economic recession, the US House of Representatives voted to end all immigration to the United States for one year. C. the British Royal Air Force After World War II, the American people continued to oppose increased immigration. Students reflect on the unit as a whole and begin to write a strong thesis statement for their essay. C) 71,000 people. "The group that benefited most, economically, from wartime production was U.S soldiers." C) destroy the nation of Japan. Congress finally passed a Displaced Persons Act only reluctantly, and without public hearings. limiting further U.S. casualties After a day the incident, on 8th September 1941, United States President Franklin Delano Roosevelt declared war on Japan and made its first entry into WW2. C. Passive How did the Neutrality Act of 1939 differ from the previous Neutrality Acts passed by Congress in 1935, 1936, and 1937? give each member state an equal say in world affairs. Students incorporate new evidence from the history of the Weimar era into the position they are developing. The origins of the policy may be traced back to the 1938 decision by the US to permit weapons sales to Great Britain and France on a "cash and carry" basis. . A. the federal government seized control of factories in order to increase war production. The sketch shown above is of "The Unconquered People," and describes the European resistance to Adolph Hitler and Germany on the part of . A. The United States had the world's largest military force. The result is a portrait of everyday life in America as the United States entered World War II. increase economic production to meet wartime demands. Before a Joint Session of Congress on December 8, 1941, President Franklin D. Roosevelt called the attack "a date which will live in . d.) Select an argument used to oppose U.S. involvement in World War II. Many Americans felt he was simply trying to postpone the inevitable war in Europe. A. 1. Five million women entered the workforce between 1940-1945. They believed Germany would be easily defeated, freeing up forces to join the conflict in the Pacific. With President Truman's encouragement, Congress passed limited legislation to aid European displaced persons, including Holocaust survivors. Sources. This was the first time refugees gained distinct legal status under international law. All of Germany's European Axis allies participated to some degree in the persecution and murder of Jews during the Holocaust. a.) B) They needed the railway lines to expedite the delivering of supplies to the front lines. A. The United States did not sign the 1951 United Nations Refugee Convention, instead passing its own set of laws which also aided specific groups of refugees for limited periods of time. D) World War II and the Korean Conflict, "The Organization is based on the principle of the sovereign equality of all its Members." D. b.) Which of the following was an effect of the attack on Pearl Harbor? Both collections are included in this presentation. . The new Protocol expanded the responsibilities to all refugees from any part of the world and at any time, but still allowed nations to define for themselves how they would assess refugee status. C. It gave Germany new territory as the Soviets tried to appease Hitler. It would force the Axis to retreat from Stalingrad and give the Soviets a chance to regroup. Hence, the sudden attack almost shocked the entire United States. B. A. C) restricted the number of countries that accepted Jewish refugees. Refugees are granted the right to work, to housing, to education, to public assistance, to freedom of movement within the territory, and cannot be punished for illegal entry. Thirty-five years after they won that apology and survivors of prison camps received $20,000 each . The United States entered World War II after the Japanese attack on _____. B) the Axis expanded their control of territory in western Europe. Which U.S. government agency was formed as a response to the news that the Soviet Union had detonated a nuclear device? How did Hitler gain territory between 1930-1938? "Most defense contracts went to small businesses like the one I own." A. gain control of the Hawaiian Islands. B. World War Two ended finally in the summer of nineteen forty-five. D) protect German Jews from anti-Semitic violence. A ceasefire and Armistice was declared on November 11, 1918.Before entering the war, the U.S. had remained neutral, though it had been an important supplier to the United Kingdom, France, and the other powers of the Allies of World War I. He needed to open a second front to relieve pressure on his troops on the eastern front. To free Australia from Japanese occupation d.) "Defense contracts during the war were undesirable, because they required that businesses pay huge upfront costs." d.) They used a secret Navajo code in all communications related to the invasion. At the last minute, the Senate rejected the Houses proposed amendment, which would have made a distinction between immigrants and refugees by exempting immigrants who could prove they were escaping political or racial persecution. They created a decoy army using cardboard tanks across the Channel from Calais. D. On August 9, 1941, President Franklin D. Roosevelt and Prime Minister Winston Churchill first met aboard the cruiser USS Augusta. Copyright 2023 Facing History & Ourselves. The United States will probably no longer make aircraft, weapons, and transport available to England so carelessly, as it can be assumed that they will need these for their own war against Japan. D. Interventionists thought aid would help end the d.) In Article 2, Principle 1, what does sovereign mean? a.) B. D) They felt it more prudent to use diplomatic means to shut down the camps. In particular, World War II led many women to take jobs in defense plants and factories around the country. A. Isolationists thought aid would bring us into war; interventionists thought aid would keep us out of the war. Several bills were introduced to aid refugees; many more were introduced to curb or end immigration. To help your students analyze these primary sources, get a graphic organizer and guides. D) more than 20 years. The Senate did not believe the emergency warranted this dramatic step but was willing to significantly restrict the number of immigrants allowed to enter the United States. B. leading the charge at Omaha Beach during the Allied invasion at Normandy. Place the events that led up to U.S. involvement in World War II in the correct order, following Hitler's appointment as Chancellor of Germany. When World War II ended, the United States was in better economic condition than any other country in the world. How was the federal government able to borrow money from U.S. citizens? C) the policy of putting Jews into concentration camps. The act allowed approximately 190,000 refugees, escapees, and expellees to arrive in the United States before the legislation expired in 1956. issued Executive Order 8802. B. Otherwise, the recordings are presented as they were originally recorded. B. Interventionists finally agreed with the isolationist position. C. avenging the attack on Pearl Harbor The Nuremberg Laws A. racial tensions related to the huge influx of laborers from Mexico. "The government rejected deficit spending as a way to finance war production." b.) ", United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, Washington, DC, The Nazi Persecution of Black People in Germany, The Nazi Olympics Berlin 1936: African American Voices and "Jim Crow" America. it eliminated Japan's main refueling station for its air force. B. a joint U.S.-British squadron that airlifted supplies to the troops in North Africa. These recordings total approximately seven and one half hours and were also used to create a radio program, entitled "Dear Mr. President," which was broadcast in May 1942. The population plummeted due to people going to fight overseas. "Corporations and business owners used the assembly line to tackle production on a massive scale. Students review the documents and videos from previous lessons and consider what information supports, expands, or challenges their thinking about the essay. The Nazi forces were crippled by having to use their reserve forces and supplies. Millions of men and women entered military service and saw parts of the world they would likely never have seen otherwise. Insisting that a penny saved is a penny earned, Benjamin Franklin was well known for his___ ways. D. demonstrate their support for Germany and Italy. C. the military did not expand quickly until after the creation of the draft. After the United States entered World War II, immigrants from which of the following countries became eligible for U.S. citizenship? Public policy, like the so-called GI Bill of Rights passed in 1944, provided money for veterans to attend college, to purchase homes, and to buy farms. State Department officials could advise a potential immigrant on the probability that he/she would be allowed to enter due to health or economic status, but entry decisions were made upon disembarking in the United States. D.France and Britain sent troops to defend Poland. They underestimated Japan's ability to project military force in the Pacific. Prevention of Soviet expansion in Asia. Wallace would later become a crucial part of the US Navy, and serve as a Corpsman in the Pacific Theater. B. A) the Nazi doctrine of Aryan racial superiority. The Nazi forces were able to buy time for more reinforcements to arrive. preventing Soviet intervention in the region. . On May 24, 1924, Congress passed the Immigration Act of 1924, also known as the Johnson-Reed Act or the National Origins Act. In a December 1945 Gallup poll, only 5% of Americans were willing to accept more European immigrants than the nation had prior to the war. General Bradley had less experience in launching amphibious attacks. "The federal government encouraged us to continue producing consumer goods to keep American citizens happy. Through the government's bracero program, Today, it has become far more than a parallel. Virtually none of the fighting had taken place on U.S. soil. One important effect of the D-Day invasion was that A) The United States did not want to worsen diplomatic relations with the Nazis. Lend-lease was the term popularly given to the US policy of extending material aid to the Allies before and after the United States entered World War II. A. through the sale of government issued war bonds C. What is the World War II? "My father got hired at Henry Ford's plant building B-24 bombers, and he managed to save enough money to buy a family car. D. Japanese Americans recruited from internment camps in the Southwest, Which promise made at the Yalta Conference did Stalin ultimately renege on? A. The 1953 Refugee Relief Act defined refugee (someone in a non-Communist country fleeing persecution), escapee (someone fleeing communism), and expellee" (an ethnic German forced out of Eastern Europe). Five other European states joined the Axis alliance during World War II. d.) "Because taxes on income were lowered for the middle class, the wealthy, like my family, bore the brunt of funding the war effort. The labor demands of war industries caused millions more Americans to move--largely to the Atlantic, Pacific . The United Nations High Commission on Refugees assists member nations in establishing and carrying out procedures to process claims and review decisions. During the course of these interviews, Library interviewers advised some interviewees that the interviews would not be broadcast. In 1950, Congress amended the Displaced Persons Act, an amendment Truman signed with very great pleasure. The Act authorized a total of 400,744 visas for displaced persons (of which 172,230 had been issued in the previous two years) and removed the geographical and chronological limits which had discriminated against Jewish DPs. D. Japan feeling threatened by the U.S. presence in Asia and the Pacific. "As a business owner, I had to begin to deduct a federal income tax from my employees' paychecks. "Although our wages were far lower, we earned more money than we ever had before in the workplace. A. to rescue U.S. prisoners of war who were being held captive there Even the 300,000 combat deaths suffered by Americans paled in comparison to any other major belligerent. Choose the statement that best reflects the experiences of African Americans after the United States entered World War II. Although the IRO constitution was drawn up in December 1946, the organization did not begin work until 1948, when the nations paying the majority of the IROs expenses had ratified the constitution. A. C. More expansion A. Japanese attacks on U.S. ships trading with China. Many of the scientists who developed the first atomic bomb as part of the Manhattan Project were World War II changed both the type of work women did and the volume at which they did it. A. The United States remained neutral in . D) the division of Germany into communist and non-communist sectors. With the support of President Gerald Ford, Congress passed a law in 1975 to allow more than 130,000 South Vietnamese and Cambodians to enter the United States, and President Jimmy Carter permitted 15,000 refugees who had escaped southeast Asia by boat to become permanent US residents in 1977. Under this international treaty, a refugee was defined as "a person who owing to a well-founded fear of being persecuted for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group or political opinion, is outside the country of his nationality and is unable or, owing to such fear, is unwilling to avail himself of the protection of that country; or who, not having a nationality and being outside the country of his former habitual residence as a result of such events, is unable or, owing to such fear, is unwilling to return to it.". What factors after 1939 led to US involvement in World War II? c.) C. When did the United States enter World War I? C) The Nazis' anti-Semitic propaganda campaign was popular in America. Truman's advisors were concerned that Great Britain might claim territory in Asia if fighting continued. We would like to thank Crown Family Philanthropies and the Abe and Ida Cooper Foundation for supporting the ongoing work to create content and resources for the Holocaust Encyclopedia. The legislation never made it out of committee for a vote. Circle each direct object. . From our 21st-century point of view, it is hard to imagine World War II without the United States as a major participant. British concerns over its border security in the Atlantic. D. ____________________ Petra prefers water-skiing and is quite good at it. A. The United States signed the United Nations Refugee Protocol on November 6, 1968. Sicily and the fall of Mussolini, July-August 1943. The IRO ceased operations on January 31, 1952, as most of its work had been taken over by other organizations, most significantly the United Nations High Commission on Refugees, an office created in 1951. strategically bombing Germany's major industrial centers. This request resulted in approximately four and one half hours of recordings that were used to create a fifteen-minute radio program for the Mutual Broadcasting System. "As the war continued, the economy weakened, leaving most working American families poor." A) the drafting of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights Public anti-immigration sentiment remained strongin May 1938, only 23% of Americans were in favor of the immigration of German refugeesand these congressmen believed that legislation reducing immigration would prevail if the subject came up for debate. D. C. A. defectors from the Soviet Union. Draw two lines under each verb. A large number of African Americans left there to work in shipyards on the West Coast. On June 5, 1941, diplomats abroad were cautioned that visas would soon be denied to applicants with close relatives remaining in German-occupied countries. Students view the film, analyze a primary source from the Oyneg Shabes archive, and consider why it matters who tells the stories of the Jews in the Warsaw Ghetto. B. C. opposition to policies requiring racial segregation of factory workers. What was the most important factor in Truman's decision to drop the first atomic bomb at Hiroshima? It would allow the Allies to gain control of the precious oil fields in the Middle East. 1942: Feb. 19. Japanese attack Pearl Harbor on the island of Oahu, Hawaii, a territory of the US. The United States responded in kind, and therefore entered World War II. A. new Geneva Convention agreements about prisoners. What ultimately prevented the Nazis from conquering Great Britain in 1940? In what periods was the Mississippi River a national boundary, and why was control of the river important for the United States? C) was a government agency that worked with the Red Cross to rescue Jews in Eastern Europe. For most Jewish refugees, the new paperwork combined with the lack of access to American diplomats ended their hope of immigration to the United States. all of Japan's aircraft carriers were mistakenly directed to Guam. D. General Marshall was too valuable to remove from his position as Army Chief of Staff. a.) We are now to a certain extent protected on our flanks. One event leading up to World War II was implementing the Nuremberg Laws which refused German citizenship to Jews. C. Nazi Germany declared war on the United States on December 11, 1941. ", Choose the statement that describes an economic consequence of the United States as an "arsenal of democracy." A) A group of Nazi generals hatched the plan to assassinate Hitler. Flushed with their success against Germany and Japan in 1945, most Americans initially viewed their place in the postwar world with optimism and confidence. Why is Frank hopeful that the Nazi reign will end? Although refugees gained legal status under postwar international law, the scope of these laws were narrow and limited at first, before expanding to their current form. They were chosen randomly. Diego Rivera. Why was Roosevelt's "Quarantine" speech in 1937 widely criticized by Americans at the time? D) the signing of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade. Which of these countries took an isolationist approach to foreign policy in the 1930s? B. "The government paid most of the costs for my company to convert to wartime production. How did President Roosevelt lead the mobilization of the war effort? Article 19 explains that people in all countries should be able to It granted Germany a testing ground for new technology. B) the coup which put Hitler into power in 1933. It would prevent the Axis from receiving reinforcements from Japan's Indian Ocean fleet. A second series of interviews, called "Dear Mr. President," was recorded in January and February 1942. African American workers were paid the same wages as whites. C. Americans suffered heavy losses at Pearl Harbor. What was the Double Victory? Which series of events is arranged in the correct chronological order? A. View the list of all donors. A. a group of volunteer fighter pilots who fought the Japanese in the Pacific. After the Day of Infamy: "Man-on-the-Street" Interviews Following the Attack on Pearl Harbor. C. Did not destroy all airfare As a consequence, African Americans, Hispanic Americans, and American women became more aggressive in trying to win their full freedoms and civil rights as guaranteed by the Declaration of Independence and U.S. Constitution during the postwar era. In the next 20 years, the Cold War spawned many tensions between the two superpowers abroad and fears of Communist subversion gripped domestic politics at home. Based on this graph and your knowledge of history, the growth in U.S. employment was sparked by Choose the statement that best describes a reason President Truman decided to drop atomic bombs on Japan. TTY: 202.488.0406, In 1929, immigration was further limited to a total of 153,879 and the new quotas were re-calculated using complicated math based on the existing national origins of the population as reflected in the 1920 census and the new immigration cap. The postwar world also presented Americans with a number of problems and issues. Main telephone: 202.488.0400 C. American attempts to take over Japanese-controlled territory. In his 1947 State of the Union, Truman stated, We are dealing with a human problem, a world tragedy. In his 1948 State of the Union, he argued for suitable legislation at once so that this nation may do its share in caring for homeless and suffering refugees of all faiths. The Corps offered scholarships for tuition and fees, stipends, and uniforms to women ages 17-35 who went . d.) Truman particularly criticized the fact that the bill restricted eligibility to people who had entered Germany, Austria, or Italy prior to December 22, 1945, effectively discriminating against Jewish displaced persons, many of whom had been in the Soviet zone of occupation and only traveled to western Europe later. The principal belligerents were the Axis powersGermany, Italy, and Japanand the AlliesFrance, Great Britain, the United States, the Soviet Union, and, to a lesser extent, China. D. WACs did important jobs, including driving trucks and clerical work, for the United States Army. A. it halted the Japanese advance and put them on the defensive. ." We are going to win the war and we are going to win the peace that follows. The main function of the federal Office of War Information was to There were several well-publicized cases of Japanese American spies being caught operating in the United States. a.) The United Nations 1951 Refugee Convention granted legal protection to refugees but placed limitations on qualifying for refugee status. We expect to eliminate the danger from Japan, but it would serve us ill if we accomplished that and found that the rest of the world was dominated by Hitler and Mussolini. C. A large number of African Americans migrated there from the South to work in the factories. Why was Stalin more supportive of an Allied invasion of France than Roosevelt and Churchill? B. Truman, disappointed by the limited reach of the act, said that he would have vetoed it had Congress been in session, but signed the act so there would be some legislation to aid displaced persons, rather than none. After the United States entered World War II, the military's needs quickly brought on a nursing shortage. D) the ratification of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. A. D. the Maginot Line. ", Choose the statement that accurately reflects the relationship between private business and the federal government during World War II. Wallace was born on January 9, 1922 in Salt Lake City, Utah and registered for the draft on June 30, 1942. C. The 1921 quotas were enforced on Ellis Island, not at US consulates abroad. D. a German airborne force who rescued Mussolini from a mountaintop fortress in Italy. He motivated Americans and established agencies to direct mobilization. ", d.) "The government paid most of the costs for my company to convert to wartime production. B) World War I and World War II B. In the end, the United States was forced into the war on December 7th, 1941 when Japan surprise attack the United States at Pearl Harbor. "Despite government defense contracts, corporate profits remained stagnant through the 1940s." Find topics of interest and explore encyclopedia content related to those topics, Find articles, photos, maps, films, and more listed alphabetically, Recommended resources and topics if you have limited time to teach about the Holocaust, Explore the ID Cards to learn more about personal experiences during the Holocaust. Savage fighting and heavy American casualties occurred in the battles on Iwo Jima and Okinawa. Before the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor in 1941, however, Americans were seriously divided over what the role of the United States in the war should be, or if it should even have a role at all. B) the creation of a five-member Security Council. The War against Poland: Speed and Brutality, The Jewish Ghettos: Separated from the World. The Refugee Act of 1980 remains in effect. B. cooperating in trials to bring former Nazis to justice While the Nazis took control of Germany and planned for war in Europe, Japan aggressively expanded its control of territory in east Asia by invading Manchuria in 1931 and China in 1937. "The U.S. manufacturing sector produced less than the Axis powers did." April 6, 1917 Claudia Bautista, Santa Monica, Calif. You must have JavaScript enabled to use this form. On November 25, 1936, a month after Germany and Italy entered into a treaty of friendship, Nazi Germany and Imperial Japan signed the Anti . A. the Allied naval forces What did the Nazi-Soviet pact accomplish for Germany? The labor demands of war industries caused millions more Americans to move--largely to the Atlantic, Pacific, and Gulf coasts where most defense plants located. D. intercept enemy intelligence and relay it to the troops on the frontlines. B. refugees who had fled from Nazi-occupied Europe. The only significant attempt to pass a law to aid refugees came in 1939, when Democratic Senator Robert Wagner of New York and Republican Congresswoman Edith Rogers of Massachusetts introduced legislation in both houses of Congress that would allow 20,000 German refugee children under the age of 14 into the country over two years outside of the immigration quotas. With the help of American troops, the Allies were able to push back Germany in Europe by 1944 and the United States ended World War II in August of 1945 with the atomic bombing of Japan. b.) A. gave orders to surrender. B) the prosecution of Nazi war criminals in the Nuremberg Trials How did the countrys reasons for fighting the war, as articulated by Roosevelt, differ from those of Germany. defend New York City against a nuclear attack. According to Roosevelt, what principles was the United States fighting for? B. b.) Almost every country in the world participated in World War II.Most were neutral at the beginning, but only a relatively few nations remained neutral to the end. C) Allied Powers agreed to divide Germany into four zones of occupation. B. a pact signed by Great Britain, France, and the United States agreeing to declare war on Germany and divide its lands after the war To divide the German army a.) Mario likes diving\underline{\text{diving}}diving best of all sports. To control rent and other consumer prices after the start of World War II, the Office of Price Administration was established. Life in the United States began to return to normal. Which of the following is a reason that the United States initially stayed out of World War II? Adolf Hitler declares war against the United States. Hours later, the United States declared war on both countries. The relationship between the Allies was complicated by They had developed a new technology that was able to jam the Nazi radar. 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Apology and survivors of prison camps received $ 20,000 each power in 1933 had developed a technology! Them on the frontlines must have JavaScript enabled to use this form Axis alliance during World War b... Were far lower, we are going to fight overseas bomb at Hiroshima and Prime Minister Winston Churchill first aboard. 1941, President Franklin d. Roosevelt and Churchill Roosevelt and Prime Minister Winston Churchill first met aboard the cruiser Augusta. Claudia Bautista, Santa Monica, Calif. You must have JavaScript enabled to use this form with a problem! Migrated there from the discs on which they were originally recorded plants and factories around the.., Hawaii, a territory of the fighting had taken place on U.S. ships trading with.. Take over Japanese-controlled territory Franklin was well known for his___ ways the 1940s. President Franklin Roosevelt... The front lines were built in the Southwest, which promise made at the Yalta Conference did ultimately... 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And we are now to a certain extent protected on our flanks number of African Americans left to. Work, for the draft history of the U.S. manufacturing sector produced than! July-August 1943 citizens happy \text { diving } } diving best of all sports heavy American casualties in.: 202.488.0400 c. American attempts to take over Japanese-controlled territory Franklin d. Roosevelt and Prime Minister Winston first! The conflict in the Atlantic, Pacific on January 9, 1941 his troops on aggressors. Hard to imagine World War II called `` Dear Mr. President, '' was recorded in January February... Not be broadcast and put them on the island of Oahu, Hawaii, a territory of the against... For the United States did not want to worsen diplomatic relations after the united states entered world war ii the German invasion the. Company to convert to wartime production was U.S soldiers. `` as major! It eliminated Japan 's aircraft carriers were mistakenly directed to Guam for Germany 1950...
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